Investigating Women In Sport Essay

I am investigating women in sport. The particular are of focus for this study will be women’s participation in sport. This interests me as participation in sport for women is a lot less than men. I can see this is apparent from my own experiences, amongst my peers sport participation has decreased as we’ve got older there doesn’t seem to be as many sporting opportunities, consequently interest in sport is lost. Books identify and discuss the problems with women’s participation in sport, television has hardly any women’s sports coverage due to few women athletes. I am interested to find out why this is, what effects it and what can be done to solve this problem. I will begin this project by trying to find out why women play less sport, I will then investigate the issue further by finding out the factors which affect this, whose responsibility it is to ensure there is women’s participation and what is being/can be done to improve this. I can research this by looking in physical education text books, sport websites on the internet and sport articles in the newspaper. 33% of men participate in sporting activity only 10% of women do. Womens role in society is to be a certain way , to be ‘feminine’ the amount of sport played must correspond with this, sport isn’t considered very feminine so little is played. Along with being feminine women must spend time at work and with family so any leisure time left is very short and often women are too physically exhausted to take part. These notes were taken from Advanced physical education and sport, I found this book good as it relates womens roles in society to participation in sport and has a statistic which clearly defines the participation difference. Girls and women have been discouraged from playing sports by lots of myths and stereotypes * If she plays sports she will become â€Å"mannish† and â€Å"unfeminine† * Because of her anatomical structure she will suffer more knee and back injuries. * If she trains too hard her ovaries and bladder will be affected * Women aren’t interested in playing sports These are all common reasons why women don’t play sport, taken from the American womens sports foundation website. Self discrimination- some women prevented from taking part by sub-cultural values or disinclination ? Economical/physical limits preventing full implementation of policy ? Internalised or self discrimination by a cultural group upon members ? Perceived notion of elitism or exclusivity in connection with some activities which act as a deterrent Stereotyping- reinforces established perceptions or questions new ones women as tennis players or gymnasts reinforce views on what sports women should do. Women as rugby players or fighters fall outside typical stereotyping. Esteem- self esteem is an important factor in participation, perception of yourself affects participation competitively and otherwise. Notes from advanced pe for Edexcel these show the reasons why some women don’t take part and explain how this affects it. Things that stop women from participating Global- constraints which exist at a global level. Eg. No womens steeple chase Institutional- constraints applied to certain institutions and orgnisations e.g many don’t allow women to box Cultural- some religions don’t allow women the same freedom to compete in sport as men Domestic- some countries have social traditions which prevent women from being free to compete as they wish. Taken form A-level pe, these show constrains outside a womens own descion to take part in sport, shows that in some events its not possible and in some cultures its not possible as women don’t have the same freedom as the men do. Who’s responsibility?Parents? Parents unknowingly force masculine and feminine stereotypes, they are among key influencers as well as schools which teach that girls shouldn’t play sports and shouldn’t be interested in them. Girls seldom see images of women playing sport so parents need to be clear and send a positive message that sports participation is desirable. Research shows that boys and girls between the ages of 6 and 9 are equally interested in sports, girls aren’t as discouraged as they were, they’re just not encouraged. They enter organised sport later than boys and are less likely to have the skills required for success, if they don’t experience success they don’t have fun. As a result of 1lack of opportunities to play as they get older girls teams decrease both in and out of school 2 the same encouragement as boys 3 skill success and therefore fun, girls drop out of sport at a rate 6 times higher than boys at 14. If a girl doesn’t play sports by the time she is 10 years old, there is less than 10% chance she will be playing when she is 25. This is taken from the womens sports foundation Canada website. I find this piece of research very interesting as it shows that the encouragement and stereotypes that are around when we are young make a big difference in the participation when we are older. They come in all shapes and sizes. Some stand tall on pedestals while others walk on solid ground. Some go down in history while others rise up as legends. They’re heroes and mentors, leaders and role models. Their images are taped to bedroom walls and locker room doors. They walk the earth disguised as parents, teachers, coaches and athletes. They are the chosen ones — the ones who can make a difference in a girls life at a time when making a difference matters. But if you look at those pedestals and walls, there are few women present. he percentage of women coaches has decreased, not increased. At a time when girls strive to define themselves as women, it is still difficult to find a female athlete or coach that can be a source of validation for a girl bursting with athletic passion. present female athletes found their mentors in brothers, fathers, and male coaches. the closer a role model is to an individual’s profile, the more that individual can realize their own potential to be like them. This was take from wsf Uk and explores another reason why participation is low because there are few people 2 look up to and it links in with the encouragement when young so they can become role models for others.

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Art Therapy As An Industry - 2159 Words

Art Therapy Art therapy as an industry is surrounded by many questions. Questions that are led by a lack of conclusive evidence. Art Therapy has multiple techniques and options, though many are left undiscovered due to such controversy surrounding the industry. Art Therapy can help lead to countless diagnoses, anything from Alzheimer’s to depression; and can be used in marriage counselling or physical ailments. With so many uses, why is this form of therapy still looked down upon by such a vast group of people, including the medical and art industry as a whole. As explained there are â€Å"three axes of the triangle [referring] to the dynamics between client, therapist and art form. Different art therapy approaches place greater or lesser emphasis on each axis, but the role of â€Å"art† is present in all axes† (Penzes, 2014). Therapeutic art can be practiced on a personal level, in ways of expressing ideas and releasing pent up emotions, leading to an understan ding of wellbeing. 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Employment, Relief and the Breadwinner Ideal A...

Hollingsworth and Tyyska discuss the employment of women in their article, both wage work and work performed outside of the â€Å"paid labour force.† (14). They also look at work discrimination of women based on gender and marital status. They argue that disapproval of married women working for wages during the Depression was expressed not only by those in position of power, such as politicians, but also by the general public and labour unions. They suggest that the number of women in the workforce increased as more young wives stayed working until the birth of their first child and older women entered the workforce in response to depression based deprivation. Hollingsworth and Tyyska also give examples of work that married women did that†¦show more content†¦She argues that supporters of working women also appealed to equality and critiqued the restrictive definitions of masculinity and femininity, including the gender division of labour in the family. Sirigley s tresses that high rates of unemployed men generated concerns about the positions of male breadwinners in the family and that rising rates of female employment increased anxieties that the Depression was weakening female domesticity as well. She states that women and men working alongside each other in offices caused concern that mixing would lead to immorality or that so many women working suggested an end to male breadwinning. However Srigley states that men and women usually worked different jobs and agrees with Hobbs that despite tough times men were usually unwilling to take on jobs that were seen as stereotypically female, such as office work. Baillargeon also suggests that both men and women in Montreal were reluctant to engage in role reversal that was at odds with society’s socially accepted division of labour. Out of the women she interviewed only two became the main breadwinner, both had no more than two children, and someone other than theirs husbands took care of the children, despite that these men were unemployed. Baillargeon argues that maleShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesat the same time, without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression from the late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend the causes and consequences of the Great War that began in 1914. That conflict determined the contours of the twentieth century in myriad ways. On the one hand, the war set

Inventor-Granville T Woods Free Essays

Background On April 23rd, 1856 a baby boy was born in Columbus Ohio. That boy’s name was Granville T. Woods. We will write a custom essay sample on Inventor-Granville T Woods or any similar topic only for you Order Now Granville grew up in a disadvantaged childhood home. He was only able to be formally educated up to the age of 10, all education that followed was self taught or learned from experience. People had called him â€Å"The Black Edison† because he was almost identical Edison. Edison had been in one of the same situations as Granville, a disadvantaged childhood home. After he was done in his early steps of life he moved on in his education. He had taken interest in the electrical and mechanical engineering fields at an East Coast College from 1876 to 1878. Further education was given to him in the form of his co-workers. They had given him information that he hadn’t already known and he paid them to rent books from the library for him because African-Americans weren’t allowed in the libraries. He also went to night classes and took private lessons. Throughout his life he had many jobs that led him to being an inventor. His first job was an apprentice in a machine shop; there he had repaired railroad equipment such as track, lights, bridges, and anything else that goes with the railroad. His second job was a fireman, a job he had gained from the Apprentice. Here, he was the fireman of DS Railroads in Missouri, which led him into his next job. In 1878, he became an engineer on a British steamer known as Ironsides. He was then promoted to the chief engineer. This lead into the start of a business he and his brother Lyates ran. It was called the Woods Railway Telegraph Co. It simply made electrical telephone and telegraph equipment for the railroad industry. By the end of Granville’s life he had had many achievements. First off he had had 60 patents, 35 which were of electrical systems and 15 electric railways. He also invented 15 appliances for the railway as well. Out of the many inventions that he had invented the most important one was the Multiplex Railway Telegraph. This discovery was built to help reduce railway accidents by letting dispatchers communicate where they are at so they don’t collide. This was also the first time they were able to communicate with each other. This particular invention was so helpful Granville found himself fighting patent suits with none other than Thomas Edison. Although Granville had won in the end. This invention has changed lives in the many ways below. This telegraph has changed and saved many peoples lives. People then could feel safe having to travel by train, when there weren’t many other ways. Also, this factor told everyone that there could be more people going out to be railroad conductors because they wouldn’t have to worry about getting killed in the process. Finally families would feel safer letting their loved ones travel by train. In the end, Granville had a very successful life although he had died poor. Success Factors How exactly did Granville T. Woods gain his fame? Well for one, everyone had called him the â€Å"Black Edison. † Secondly, he was the first inventor to create such a thing as the Multiplex Railway Telegraph which hit it big because it was the first thing that allowed dispatchers to communicate back and forth about their locations. Lastly, he had over 60 patents and had himself fighting patent pursuits with Thomas Edison himself. Also, he came from a disadvantaged childhood, not only that but he pushed himself to take extra classes and read books because he was only allowed to attend school until he was 10. He has gained the following attributes from his famousness. The first is creativity. He gained this through the many inventions that he created were quite interesting and anyone could tell how creative he was by these inventions. The second was that he had diverse job experience. By this he had been able to work at countless jobs and learn from them, especially how he had gone into studying one of the fields (electrical and mechanical engineering) in night school, books, and through co-workers. I think that if anyone would research Granville anyone would see how his inventions have these attributes. He also gained education through diverse job experience and the fact that he didn’t take the job that Edison offered him, a very major job. I have realized all these attributes through reading about him in biographies, I may not have them all, or what anyone thinks should be on here, but this is my opinion on Granville and what he had. My Life At this present moment I have many, many goals. My first goal is to do better in school. By this I mean up my grades in the classes I do poorly in. My second goal is to make honor roll at least once before I leave Washington to go to high school. My third goal is to help more around my ouse as in clean up messes that I make, do anything that im told to do when I get told to do it, and lastly be better toward my sister, because as everyone knows siblings can be a pain in the neck. I can accomplish these goals by doing many tasks. For my first goal, I can accomplish this by being more creative when it comes to homework, projects, and papers. I can also study more for upcoming tests that I am not sure about. Then when needed take the time to write everything the teacher writes on the board when they introduce us to something new and if I don’t understand the specific area we are working in to ask for help. Also, do all my homework when its due, I do turn in my homework, but only a couple times I have had late papers. For my second goal, I can push harder and harder in the classes I am not doing to well in to get the grades I need to make honor roll. I can also spend more time on my homework instead of doing other tasks or just messing around. For my third goal I can do everything when I am told to do, I shouldn’t procrastinate. Another part of my third goal that I need to accomplish would be my bedroom; I can clean up everything even if it’s not mine instead of arguing with my sister about picking her toys and clothes up. For the last part of my third goal, my little sister, I can calm down and try to figure out what needs to be done, instead of the constant arguing. My inventor has some attributes that can help me with accomplishing my goals. His first was Education, that can help me in the way that when I think about how short some people had very little if any schooling, and in his case he was only able to attend school up to age 10, but now anyone attend school for however long anyone wanted to, and the fact with that little bit of schooling he became an inventor. His attribute of diverse job experience does fit in a specific way, I look at it and say well I haven’t had any jobs but I have belonged to many different clubs, and although his jobs lead him up to the decision that he wanted to become an inventor. I have been in builders club and this club helps people so maybe that is why I want to be a pediatrician when I grow up. Finally, with his creative attribute, it can help me with the cleaning section because I hate cleaning and I can turn it into something that would really be fun. I think that this inventor can help accomplish or improve my goals quicker and in a creative way. How to cite Inventor-Granville T Woods, Papers

Cultural Artifact free essay sample

Marisol Ruiz Ruben Casas English 1 The Great Television A cultural artifact can be an element that defines a culture. During the twenty and twenty-first century forms of communication were changed and/or created. In America the introduction of television had an impact in Family life, politics, and gender roles in todays society. The television was first introduced in America in the late 1940s. As it was introduced Americans purchased televisions as a record rate, in fact more quickly then they had purchased any other home entertainment machine. In a book written by Lynn Spigle stated Between 1948 and 1955, television was installed in nearly two-thirds of the nations homes and the basic mechanism of the network oligopoly was set n motion (pg. 1) and by 1960 almost 90 percent of American household had at least one receiver(pg. 1) As television became a new sort of gathering place it had positive and negative effect in families. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Artifact or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the positive effects is that the television in many ways made the poorest of families rich in term of their access to entertainment and news. TV has also made childbearing less burdensome since TV can be a great babysitter and time filler. On the other as wealth of a person increases, so does the number of television found in a house making it hard for a family to interact with each other since each member would Just retreat to their own personal space making this a negative effect. Television plays a big role in politics. In the 1960 presidential debate between republican vice president Richard Nixon and democratic senator John F Kennedy were the firsts to be in television. This way people would not only have to hear the candidates answers and speeches but they would also be able to have an image of what was going on during the debate. A survey of those who listened to the debate on radio indicate that Nixon had won; however, those who watched on television, and were able to contrast Nixons poorly shaven face with Kennedys poise and grace, were more likely to think that Kennedy had won the debate (Stephens). Three years later, news coverage of Kennedys assassination would captivate the country, becoming one of he first major tragedies covered by network news. Television was a powerful tool that contributed to the increase of power in politics, by making the president more visible it was easier for people to integrate him in their everyday life. Because television was gaining popularity it was a better way for Americans to be informed of whats going on around them. Television contributed in the change of peoples belief depending on the advertisement that was transmitted for campaign and influenced Americans to choose a certain political party. There are many factors that contributed to the definition of gender roles in the American culture, and television was one of them. The people presented in television impacted Americans, seeing how popular the people on the television are; Americans began to imitate them and their personalities as their own. People gave meaning to behaving in a certain way as good and the more the people can understand and accept behavior, the easier is to

Social Survey Sex

The participants are three males and three females and are all heterosexual. Two of the females are 22 years old and are in committed relationships whereas the other female is 23 years old and is single. Two of the male participants are 22 years old and single. The other male participant is 28 years old and is in a committed relationship.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Survey: Sex specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All the participants agree that it is acceptable to have sex before marriage. However, the males are more liberal than the females because they all think that the maximum duration that a couple ought to take before engaging in sex is one month. The females, on the other hand, think that the minimum time before engaging in sex ought to be six months. This means that the males are likely to engage in sex earlier than the females. In addition, the male subjects agree with having friends for purely s exual acts without committed relationships. Two of the females are not interested in a â€Å"friends with benefits† relationship. However, only one of the females accepts that she can consent to a â€Å"friends with benefits† relationship if the guy in question is someone who she likes. The males are sexually liberal than females because most females tend to get involved emotionally and psychologically with their sexual partners. Males, on the other hand, simply view sex as the physical act. They, therefore, do not attach themselves emotionally to their sexual partners hence the ability to have sex (without a committed relationship) with many partners without a sense of guilt. The definition of dating varies with gender to some extent. The male participants see dating as â€Å"hanging out† with a friend of the opposite sex, which may include sex. The females view dating as spending time with someone without involving sexual activity. All the participants agree à ¢â‚¬Å"booty call† has sex as the sole intention. Their thoughts on hooking up are diverse and do not correlate with the participants’ age or gender. For example, some participants think that hooking up includes sex as the key agenda while others think that hooking up has different results. The participants unanimously agree â€Å"open relationships† promote promiscuity and no one is willing to be part of open relationships. The participants also agree that cheating involves having a relationship (sexual or not) with someone other than one’s official spouse. Technology makes dating convenient since people can communicate effortlessly via email and online chatting services. Technology also facilitates meeting new people. However, technology makes it easy for unfaithful spouses to cheat on their partners.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The male participa nts are open to online dating. The females, however, find online dating a misuse of time as they do not trust the people they meet online. The two parties reach a compromise that watching pornography does not affect relationships. However, all males are willing to watch pornography with their partners whereas only one of the three females is willing to do so. None of the participants agrees on swapping of partners or â€Å"swinging.† The 28-year old male subject is the only one who agrees to have a threesome. All these outcomes are because everyone regardless of age or gender tends to guard jealously their sexual partner. This essay on Social Survey: Sex was written and submitted by user Janiya Skinner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.